History of KfW IPEX-Bank

On 18 November 1948 the German Law Concerning KfW comes into force – providing the basis for the activities of Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (known as ‘reconstruction loan corporation’ at the time) in post-war Germany. Long-term export finance has been part of KfW’s statutory mandate since 1951.

Long-term export finance is not only one of KfW's most important and most successful activities, it is also one of its oldest business areas. It traces its beginnings to a meeting of KfW's Board of Supervisory Directors on 13 March 1950. One year later the 2nd amendment to the KfW Law officially included export finance in the bank's statutory mandate. The year 1951 ended with Germany's first positive balance of payments. Its rise to become an export nation began. It was also at this time that the close cooperation with customers such as M.A.N., Siemens and Krupp started and remains strong through today.

In addition to politically motivated foreign loans, the instruments introduced in 1958 also included commercial project finance. In the 1950s Germany’s balance of payments improved to such an extent that from 1958 onwards, the Deutsche Bundesbank and the German Federal Government considered a targeted level of German capital exports to be desirable. In the case of project finance, this satisfied a number of goals: the construction of the Indian steel plant Rourkela helped German exporters of plant components, power plants in Luxembourg and Tirol benefited from the energy supply and a Finnish copper mine helped ensure supplies of raw materials for German industry. This laid the groundwork for KfW's business area of E&P (export & project finance) and thus later also for the bank's spun-off subsidiary, KfW IPEX-Bank.

In the early 1960s the supplier credit was still the norm. It was granted to German exporters until they had received the full purchase price from their foreign buyer. However, together with the federal ministries KfW soon designed a new financing instrument through which loans were extended directly to the foreign importer. The so-called buyer credit for foreign importers almost fully replaced the conventional supplier credit in the 1960s.

Start of shipbuilding assistance programmes and ship financing

KfW’s activities are not limited to granting federal funds. The bank considers that its primary function is to support German shipyards in their export activities by extending loans based on market funds on the most favourable terms possible, in this way conserving government subsidies.

Securing raw material supplies for the German steel industry

In 1961 KfW provides the first untied loan (ungebundener Finanzkredit – UFK) to secure raw material supplies for German industry. The funds support iron ore projects in Liberia that supply Germany’s Ruhr region with raw materials.

As part of sales financing for the Franco-German Airbus, KfW grants the first loans to airlines in Korea, India and South Africa in 1976. The first Airbus financing in the USA takes place in 1978, for Eastern Airlines. In 1989, new commitments for aircraft financing exceed DM 1 billion for the first time.

KfW began to draw up framework agreements for export finance to facilitate buyer loans even for smaller export contracts. Framework agreements were concluded both with credit institutions in developing countries and emerging economies, such as the Bank of China, and with important regular customers. Although large enterprises also used this instrument for smaller export transactions, KfW was able to attract and support new customers mainly among medium-sized plant engineering firms in Germany.

In 1984 KfW sets up the first programme of its own aimed at supporting environmental and climate protection in Germany. In 2000 it establishes its own strict guidelines for assessing the environmental and social sustainability of all projects it finances. In 2008, the year of its spin-off, KfW IPEX-Bank joins the Equator banks, which follow internationally recognised principles.

At the start of 2002, the Federal Government and the European Commission reach an agreement on restructuring Germany’s promotional banks. For KfW this means the separation of promotional activities and commercial business. Its export and project finance activities are spun off as of 1 January 2008 into an independent, wholly-owned subsidiary: KfW IPEX-Bank.

In the wake of the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, the German Federal Government makes the decision to accelerate the phasing out of nuclear power. At the same time, there is an increasing awareness of the negative consequences of CO2 emissions. KfW IPEX-Bank is aware of its role as a driving force for environmental and climate protection projects. Financing in the areas of renewables, energy efficiency and environmental technologies is an important growth area for KfW IPEX-Bank.

A new Digital Infrastructure team consisting of financing experts from the Telecommunications and Infrastructure departments is set up with the aim of making KfW IPEX-Bank one of the leading specialist financiers in the data centre, fibre optics, broadband expansion and satellite segments. Just a few months later, the need for fast transmission speeds explodes due to the coronavirus pandemic. Two fibre optic expansion projects in France were among this team's first financing projects.

In order to be as close to its customers as possible and to support the domestic economy in its core target markets, KfW IPEX-Bank is continuously optimising its global presence. In 2008, the Johannesburg site was added to the existing international offices in Istanbul, Mumbai, New York, São Paulo, etc. The first and so far only KfW IPEX-Bank branch office was also opened in London. Later, further representative offices were established, for example in Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Mexico City. In 2022, the Singapore representative office was transformed into a subsidiary, KfW IPEX-Bank Asia Ltd., in order to better support the German and European export economy in this region by expanding its scope for action. The opening of a new foreign office in Bogotá followed in January 2023.

KfW IPEX-Bank is paving the way for the future with an organisational restructuring process. The industry expertise from seven former business divisions has been pooled together in the four sector departments of Energy, Mobility, Infrastructure, and Industries and Commerce. In terms of financing, the focus is increasingly on sustainability aspects and supporting customers as they make their green transformation.